[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.baxim.cz\/jak-se-pocita-zivotnost-hvezdy\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.baxim.cz\/jak-se-pocita-zivotnost-hvezdy\/","headline":"Jak se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 \u017eivotnost hv\u011bzdy","name":"Jak se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 \u017eivotnost hv\u011bzdy","description":"Kdy&Aring;&frac34; se za jasn&Atilde;&copy; noci pod&Atilde;&shy;v&Atilde;&iexcl;me na oblohu plnou hv&Auml;&#8250;zd, asi t&Auml;&#8250;&Aring;&frac34;ko si p&Aring;&#8482;edstav&Atilde;&shy;me, &Aring;&frac34;e by tomu mohlo b&Atilde;&frac12;t n&Auml;&#8250;kdy jinak. P&Aring;&#8482;i tomto pohledu si jen m&Atilde;&iexcl;lokdo p&Aring;&#8482;ipomene, &Aring;&frac34;e ani hv&Auml;&#8250;zdy nesv&Atilde;&shy;t&Atilde;&shy; v&Auml;&#8250;&Auml;n&Auml;&#8250;. Ano, doba jejich &Aring;&frac34;ivota se po&Auml;&Atilde;&shy;t&Atilde;&iexcl; na miliardy let, av&Aring;&iexcl;ak v&Acirc;&nbsp;kosmick&Atilde;&copy;m pojet&Atilde;&shy; &Auml;asu to nen&Atilde;&shy; a&Aring;&frac34; tak dlouh&Atilde;&iexcl; doba. To v&Aring;&iexcl;ak vyvol&Atilde;&iexcl;v&Atilde;&iexcl;...<p class=\"more-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.baxim.cz\/jak-se-pocita-zivotnost-hvezdy\/\" class=\"more-link\">P\u0159e\u010d\u00edst<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;Jak se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 \u017eivotnost hv\u011bzdy&rdquo;<\/span> &raquo;<\/a><\/p>","datePublished":"2023-07-05","dateModified":"2024-04-05","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.baxim.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.baxim.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8ee00db67df6a380981db2e33f97d2fa79637c4880a83f2a0ac4c29b5bb179e1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8ee00db67df6a380981db2e33f97d2fa79637c4880a83f2a0ac4c29b5bb179e1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"baxim.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.baxim.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/hvezdy5.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.baxim.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/hvezdy5.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.baxim.cz\/jak-se-pocita-zivotnost-hvezdy\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":807,"articleBody":"Kdy&Aring;&frac34; se za jasn&Atilde;&copy; noci pod&Atilde;&shy;v&Atilde;&iexcl;me na oblohu plnou hv&Auml;&#8250;zd, asi t&Auml;&#8250;&Aring;&frac34;ko si p&Aring;&#8482;edstav&Atilde;&shy;me, &Aring;&frac34;e by tomu mohlo b&Atilde;&frac12;t n&Auml;&#8250;kdy jinak. P&Aring;&#8482;i tomto pohledu si jen m&Atilde;&iexcl;lokdo p&Aring;&#8482;ipomene, &Aring;&frac34;e ani hv&Auml;&#8250;zdy nesv&Atilde;&shy;t&Atilde;&shy; v&Auml;&#8250;&Auml;n&Auml;&#8250;. Ano, doba jejich &Aring;&frac34;ivota se po&Auml;&Atilde;&shy;t&Atilde;&iexcl; na miliardy let, av&Aring;&iexcl;ak v&Acirc;&nbsp;kosmick&Atilde;&copy;m pojet&Atilde;&shy; &Auml;asu to nen&Atilde;&shy; a&Aring;&frac34; tak dlouh&Atilde;&iexcl; doba. To v&Aring;&iexcl;ak vyvol&Atilde;&iexcl;v&Atilde;&iexcl; ot&Atilde;&iexcl;zku, jak vlastn&Auml;&#8250; dobu &Aring;&frac34;ivota hv&Auml;&#8250;zdy dovedeme spo&Auml;&Atilde;&shy;tat. Jak&Atilde;&copy; zde m&Atilde;&iexcl;me n&Atilde;&iexcl;znaky?&Acirc;&nbsp;Abychom tomu mohli porozum&Auml;&#8250;t, je pot&Aring;&#8482;eba si uv&Auml;&#8250;domit, &Aring;&frac34;e ka&Aring;&frac34;d&Atilde;&iexcl; hv&Auml;&#8250;zda je v&Acirc;&nbsp;podstat&Auml;&#8250; obrovsk&Atilde;&frac12; nukle&Atilde;&iexcl;rn&Atilde;&shy; reaktor. A ten pot&Aring;&#8482;ebuje palivo, v&Acirc;&nbsp;tomto p&Aring;&#8482;&Atilde;&shy;pad&Auml;&#8250; vod&Atilde;&shy;k, kter&Atilde;&frac12; je p&Aring;&#8482;em&Auml;&#8250;&Aring;&#710;ov&Atilde;&iexcl;n na h&Atilde;&copy;lium. Je samoz&Aring;&#8482;ejm&Atilde;&copy;, &Aring;&frac34;e tohoto prvku je v&Aring;&frac34;dy jen ur&Auml;it&Atilde;&copy; mno&Aring;&frac34;stv&Atilde;&shy;. Ve chv&Atilde;&shy;li, kdy se v&Aring;&iexcl;echen spot&Aring;&#8482;ebuje, hv&Auml;&#8250;zda zanikne.&Acirc;&nbsp;&Acirc;&nbsp;Tento z&Atilde;&iexcl;nik m&Aring;&macr;&Aring;&frac34;e prob&Auml;&#8250;hnout dv&Auml;&#8250;ma zp&Aring;&macr;soby. Bu&Auml; se po vy&Auml;erp&Atilde;&iexcl;n&Atilde;&shy; t&Atilde;&copy;m&Auml;&#8250;&Aring;&#8482; ve&Aring;&iexcl;ker&Atilde;&copy;ho paliva nafoukne a ochlad&Atilde;&shy; se. N&Atilde;&iexcl;sledn&Auml;&#8250; tuto slupku z&Acirc;&nbsp;p&Aring;&#8482;em&Auml;&#8250;n&Auml;&#8250;n&Atilde;&frac12;ch atom&Aring;&macr; h&Atilde;&copy;lia odhod&Atilde;&shy; a stane se z&Acirc;&nbsp;n&Atilde;&shy; b&Atilde;&shy;l&Atilde;&frac12; trpasl&Atilde;&shy;k. To je osud, kter&Atilde;&frac12; &Auml;ek&Atilde;&iexcl; na&Aring;&iexcl;e Slunce. Hv&Auml;&#8250;zdy, kter&Atilde;&copy; maj&Atilde;&shy; v&Auml;&#8250;t&Aring;&iexcl;&Atilde;&shy; hmotnost, se nakonec jej&Atilde;&shy; vinou zhrout&Atilde;&shy; samy do sebe, dokud nevybuchnou. N&Atilde;&iexcl;sledn&Auml;&#8250; pak vznikne &Auml;ern&Atilde;&iexcl; d&Atilde;&shy;ra.&Acirc;&nbsp;Jak ale m&Aring;&macr;&Aring;&frac34;eme poznat, kolik &acirc;&#8364;&#382;paliva&acirc;&#8364;&#339; v&Acirc;&nbsp;sob&Auml;&#8250; je&Aring;&iexcl;t&Auml;&#8250; ta kter&Atilde;&iexcl; hv&Auml;&#8250;zda m&Atilde;&iexcl;? Odpov&Auml;&#8250;&Auml; na to je spektroskopick&Atilde;&iexcl; anal&Atilde;&frac12;za. D&Atilde;&shy;ky n&Atilde;&shy; m&Aring;&macr;&Aring;&frac34;eme pomoc&Atilde;&shy; z&Atilde;&iexcl;&Aring;&#8482;en&Atilde;&shy;, kter&Atilde;&copy; hv&Auml;&#8250;zdy vys&Atilde;&shy;laj&Atilde;&shy;, jak&Atilde;&copy; je jejich slo&Aring;&frac34;en&Atilde;&shy;, a tedy i jak&Atilde;&copy; procento vod&Atilde;&shy;ku je tvo&Aring;&#8482;&Atilde;&shy;. A vzhledem k&Acirc;&nbsp;tomu, &Aring;&frac34;e tato p&Aring;&#8482;em&Auml;&#8250;na prob&Atilde;&shy;h&Atilde;&iexcl; konstantn&Atilde;&shy;m tempem bez ohledu na typ hv&Auml;&#8250;zdy, je pak pom&Auml;&#8250;rn&Auml;&#8250; snadn&Atilde;&copy; spo&Auml;&Atilde;&shy;tat, kolik &Aring;&frac34;ivota j&Atilde;&shy; je&Aring;&iexcl;t&Auml;&#8250; zb&Atilde;&frac12;v&Atilde;&iexcl;.&Acirc;&nbsp;&Acirc;&nbsp;To n&Atilde;&iexcl;m samoz&Aring;&#8482;ejm&Auml;&#8250; m&Aring;&macr;&Aring;&frac34;e prozradit i to, jak je dan&Atilde;&iexcl; hv&Auml;&#8250;zda star&Atilde;&iexcl;. Pokud k&Acirc;&nbsp;tomu zapo&Auml;&Atilde;&shy;t&Atilde;&iexcl;me i rud&Atilde;&frac12; posun, m&Aring;&macr;&Aring;&frac34;eme tak zjistit, kter&Atilde;&iexcl; hv&Auml;&#8250;zda je skute&Auml;n&Auml;&#8250; nejstar&Aring;&iexcl;&Atilde;&shy;, a to bez ohledu na to, jak je od n&Atilde;&iexcl;s daleko. D&Atilde;&shy;ky tomu m&Aring;&macr;&Aring;&frac34;eme l&Atilde;&copy;pe porozum&Auml;&#8250;t na&Aring;&iexcl;emu vesm&Atilde;&shy;ru a tak&Atilde;&copy; ur&Auml;it jeho celkov&Atilde;&copy; st&Atilde;&iexcl;&Aring;&#8482;&Atilde;&shy;. A tak se m&Aring;&macr;&Aring;&frac34;eme tak&Atilde;&copy; alespo&Aring;&#710; &Auml;&Atilde;&iexcl;ste&Auml;n&Auml;&#8250; odhadnout to, jak dlouho bude je&Aring;&iexcl;t&Auml;&#8250; vesm&Atilde;&shy;r trvat.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Jak se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 \u017eivotnost hv\u011bzdy","item":"https:\/\/www.baxim.cz\/jak-se-pocita-zivotnost-hvezdy\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]